
by Ilaria Testa
Two billion people in the world do not have access to electricity through the grid and must use kerosene and wood to obtain light, heat and energy. Actions that are part of our daily routine, to the point that we do not even think about them, are instead very difficult for them. Using water pumps, recharging cell phones, listening to the radio and going out fishing at night are just a few of the activities that require electricity – not to mention keeping schools, hospitals and other public services in function, especially in bigger communities.
The heavy use of kerosene and wood, the only viable alternatives in some cases, presents many disadvantages and consequences, both locally and globally; besides the emission of CO2 in large quantities, kerosene causes the death of one person every 20 seconds due to intoxication, breathing problems and accidental fires; on the other hand, getting wood implies the deforestation of important green areas, another problem of general interest.
Furthermore, the lack of energy impedes economic and industrial development, and could even make reaching a minimum-level quality of life impossible, as the constant supply of electricity can help improve education and professional training, allowing students to attend evening classes.
In this context, Solar-aid strives to support the implementation of photovoltaic systems, introducing benefits such as: increased independence from fossil fuels; support of socio-economic development; considerably reduced migration flow of people looking for better living conditions in the West; and minimal greenhouse gas emissions, a necessary step to contrast climatic change.
We must also consider an important geographical aspect: four fifths of the people who could be interested in the introduction of photovoltaic systems live in rural areas, mainly in Asia and Africa, belonging to the so-called “sun belt”, the portion of the planet that enjoys the most exposure to sunshine. Also, we must not forget that solar energy is the simplest and most convenient source of energy to distribute.
Solar-aid has not merely financed plant installations, but has taken a step forward by adopting a completely original work method, putting together the typical features of the commercial sector with the valuable aspects of the no-profit sector. Entrepreneurship and innovation are at the basis of Solar-aid’s philosophy and represent the core of its proposed operations, placed in two major project areas, i.e. “micro-solar” and “macro-solar”.
“Micro-solar” aims at identifying entrepreneurs in developing areas to train and support, so that they can start their “solar micro-business” by manufacturing and selling LED-technology lanterns and solar chargers for radios and cell phones. The idea stems from a research showing that the average family in a developing country spends 10-20% of its income for kerosene for lamps and non-rechargeable batteries for radios and cell phones. Thus, the project favours new job opportunities and considerable savings within local communities.
“Macro-solar”, instead, includes the installation of big photovoltaic plants for schools, community centres and hospitals. In South Africa, for example, a solar plant has been arranged to supply energy to an orphanage.
There have been forerunners to the idea of using solar energy in poor countries. In 1977 the missionary, Bernard Verspieren, founder of an agricultural school in Mali, had already started his first photovoltaic pump in order to draw water from deep water beds.
Since then the humanitarian projects helping people purchase photovoltaic panels have become more frequent. But at the time, a very severe draught had affected the whole Sahel area, causing a number of deaths out of hunger and thirst. Father Verspieren, who had focused on helping those very poor populations, decided then to start the “Mali Aqua Viva” association, launching a vast programme to drill wells. Reaching the water table required deep excavations and the use of pumps to bring the water to surface, but as the region was off the grid, pumps could only work by hand or, at best, by pedalling. Meanwhile, a student from the Paris Polytechnic, Dominique Campana, was working on her doctoral thesis about powering pumps with electric photocells. Campana succeeded in making a working prototype in a very arid region of Corse, achieving excellent results. The news went around the world and Father Verspieren rushed to check out the pump in person.
The project was soon copied by organizations in Africa as well as other underdeveloped areas in Asia, Mexico, India and Central America, with more than 4,000 wells being built.
Although Solar-aid was officially founded in 2006, its philosophy dates back to eight years earlier, when Solarcentury was born. Its creator, Doctor Jeremy Leggett, had years of experience in the oil sector before he came into contact with environmentalist associations like Greenpeace and acknowledged the fact that the world was on its way to a difficult phase, and that climatic changes underway would not lead to anything good; it was time to do something about it. He decided to donate 5% of his firm’s net profit to humanitarian projects providing poor populations with solar energy. In 2006, when the company made its first profits, the Solar-aid project begun with the immediate support of many other companies, foundations and even single individuals. Today, just reading the list of the project’s supporters, we realize how successful and effective this innovative idea was. Not to mention the celebrities promoting the various initiatives developed in different regions under the Solar-aid umbrella: Cate Blanchette and Cherie Blair, just to mention a couple, are long-time supporters of the project.
And what is in the future of Solar-aid? Their goal is to provide millions of people with solar energy in the next few years. And to make the rest of the world understand that the development of the poorest countries in the world is a challenge we can win, and one to which everyone can contribute.